Russia is one of the world’s largest arms exporters. Officially, contracts for deliveries of military equipment are signed with dozens of countries and annual turnover runs into billions of dollars. But behind the façade of legal exports there are frequent reports of clandestine shipments to criminal, paramilitary, or terrorist organizations….

While the “shadow” fleet is the backbone of Russian energy exports, its main customers are mainly India and China, and the EU itself is no longer a key buyer of Russian crude oil and petroleum products, although it should be emphasized that Russian oil still continues to enter the EU…

Until recently, Russia’s presence in France was perceived largely as part of cultural exchange and economic cooperation. However, after the annexation of Crimea in 2014, and especially following Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, it has increasingly been associated with destabilisation, covert pressure, and a threat to democratic institutions….

Unsettled times in every era have always provided fertile ground for making profit, even of questionable ethical nature. War, however, most clearly illustrates the principle that all means are fair when it comes to profit. As the saying goes – money has no smell. Although this was never meant in…

The activities of the Russian fleet, in particular the tanker one, have traditionally been at the epicenter of many expert studies, but its individual components are still out of focus, and first of all this concerns the provision of these vessels with crews, that is, crewing activities. The importance of…